Rust Bite - Code Examples

links to all the RustBites code examples

There are expository code fragments on most of the RustBites pages. The table below links to those and to larger compile-able demonstrations.

Table of Examples

Bite	Link	Content
Introduction	Hello	Visual Studio Code views of "Hello World" code, build and output, and associated metadata in Cargo.toml
GettingStarted	Functions	simple demos: iterator, factorial, methods for construction and retrieval
UDB	Undefined behavior	Shows how undefined behavior can occur using C++: refs to unowned memory, index out of bounds. Also shows how Rust eliminates these behaviors by compiler analysis and run-time checks.
Data	Data operations	Many small code fragments throughout page, illustrating data operations: bind, copy, move, clone.
FlashCards	Rust Collections	Small code fragments showing how to initialize Rust collection types and push a few data items, with diagrams illustrating collection structure.
Facts	Survey	Tables summarizing data operations, data structures, smart pointers, ownership rules, and generics with small code fragments.
Strings	Examples for &str	str is the type of a literal string, a Copy type, and &str is a reference to that.
Strings	Examples for String	String is a Move type composed of a collection of utf8 characters.
Strings	Examples for String iteration	Iteration must work with characters that vary in size from 1 to 4 bytes.
DataStr	Primitives and Aggregates	Code fragments for construction and initialization.
DataStr	Iterators	Code fragments for iteration over collections and very useful iterator methods. Also has examples of use.
DataStr	String	Examples of formatting for output using iterators.
DataStr	Vec<T>	Examples of initialization, manipulation, and iteration.
DataStr	HashMap<K,V>	Examples of associative collection - initialization, manipulation, and iteration.
SmartPtrs	Box<T>	Example of pointer to item in heap - creation and lifecycle of its data.
SmartPtrs	Rc<T>	Example of ref counted ptr - creation and use referring to multiple items.
SmartPtrs	Arc<T>	Example of thread-safe ref counted ptr - creation and use referring to multiple items.
SmartPtrs	RefCell<T>	Example of ptr with interior mutability - shows run-time borrow checking.
SmartPtrs	Other interesting problems	Solutions to 3 problems that illustrate use of SmartPtrs.
LifeCycle	TestLifeCycle	User-defined Type and Vec: instance creation, clone, use, move, and drop
Ownership	Strings and string references	Examples of ownership and demonstration of errors
Traits	Demonstrate generics and traits	Simple examples of a generic function and struct. Summary of frequently used traits.
Functs	Passing arguments	Examples of pass-by-value and pass-by-reference
Functs	Return types	Examples of Option<T> and Result<T,E> return types
Functs	Generics	Generic function that can process a variety of collection types.
Functs	Closures	Explores captured data, moves, and use with iterator methods. Also has example of function accepting a closure.
Structs	User-defined types	Examples of creating non-generic and generic types.
Structs	Traits	Example trait and its use building a Point<T> type.
Structs	Dispatch	Example of static dispatch vs dynamic dispatch using trait.
LifeTime	lifetime annotation	Example showing when lifetime annotation is needed, via compiler error messages, and how to supply the annotation.
Enums	User-defined enumerations	Example of an Event<T> enumeration - definition and use.
Enums	Matching	Matching, usually used with enums, is illustrated here with character ranges to build a partial lexer.
ErrHnd	Result<T,E> & Option<T>	Simple demonstration of error and optional handling with matching.
ErrHnd	Bubbling errors up to caller	Bubbling up errors dramatically reduces redundant error handling code.
Options	Iterators use Option<T>	Illustrates how plain loops and for-loops work.
Options	Iterating over generic types	Illustrates displaying Rust types and functions that accept iterators.
Options	Plug-ins	Illustrates role of Option<T> and traits in building plug-in architectures.
Collections	Some of the Rust collections	Diagrams and small code fragmentes illustrating use of arrays, tupls, structs, Vec<T>, VecDeque<T>, HashMap<K,V>, String, and str. Has links to playground code.
Iterators	Functions that accept iterators	These functions use traits to accept any collection that has an iterator in order to view and manipulate the collection elements. Examples also show how to return an iterator and how to create a custom iterator type. Also has everal links to playground examples.
Iterators	Iterating over utf8 strings	Text shows how String iteration works. Links are provided to playground examples.
Iterators	Iterator adapters	Adapters support composing operations on collections during iteration. Table shows useful adapter signatures and links to examples in playground.
Iterators	Loops	Example shows how for loop is implemented with iterators.
Iterators	Ranges	Text provides definition and an example. Links to examples in playground.
Iterators	Slices	Text provides definition and an example. Links to examples in playground.
Idioms	Converting to idiomatic code	Idiomatic code conforms to Rust community accepted structure and style. One simple code example provided with explanation. Text adds additional information about clippy, a very useful cargo tool that reports non-idomatic code fragments.
Macros	Declarative macros	Examples of capturing local data and building variatic operations using recursion.
Macros	Macro structure	Example of macro with two expansion rules.
Macros	Variadic macros	Example of variadic operation with detailed annotations.
Macros	A practical example	Illustrates matching lexical categories. Builds a "time_it!" macro. Also provides a macro for building HashMaps.
Macros	standard Rust macros	Partial list of standard macros with descriptions and examples.
Macros	Macro arguments	Compares macro that consumes arguments vs one that does not.
Threads	Interior mutability	Demonstrates interior mutability, essential for most threading applications.
Threads	std::cell types	Illustrates use of UnsafeCell<T>, Cell<T>, and RefCell<T>. These codes are excerpts from std library documentation with my annotations.
Threads	Basic threading	Child and main threads share std::output and AtomicUsize, both thread safe types.
Threads	Sharing	Example of two threads sharing a non thread-safe String using Mutex<T> and Arc<T>.
Threads	ThreadResult<T>	Code defines a ThreadResult<T> type using Mutex<T> and Condvar. ThreadResult instances are very similar to C++ future<T>, providing polling and blocking get. This provides a safe way for a thread to return a result to its creator. Note that Rust std::library defines a future associated with async processing. This is part of the infrastructure for async executers like Tokio.
Threads	BlockingQueue<T>	Code defines a BlockingQueue<T> type using Mutex<VecDeque<T>> and Condvar. This thread-safe queue blocks dequers when empty and unblocks for deques when "messages" arrive.
Synchron	Synchronization Types	Table describes and links to documentation with examples for Mutex<T>, RwLock<T>, Condvar, Atomic, Arc<T>, and Barrier.
Synchron	Mutex<T>	Synchronizes access for two readers and two writers to a shared String.
Synchron	RwLock<T>	Synchronizes access for four readers and two writers to a shared String.
Synchron	Condvar<T>	Uses ThreadResult<T>, which uses Condvar, to poll and wait for results.
Synchron	Atomics	Uses AtomicUsize to count operations in a thread's loop.
Synchron	Barrier	Waits for all threads to start in a multi-threaded example.
RegEx	Simple matching	Example uses two fairly simple regular expression strings for matching.
RegEx	Important RegEx tokens	Table of important tokens with use example fragments.
RegEx	RegEx crate	Examples of use for RegEx crate.
TipsAndTricks	Member thread	Example of user-defined type with thread start method.
TipsAndTricks	Start thread in constructor	Example of user-defined type with thread start in constructor.
TipsAndTricks	Stop thread	Example of user-defined type with thread stop method - uses AtomicBool to signal.
TipsAndTricks	Stop watch	Example of user-defined timer.
TipsAndTricks	callback	Example of user-defined timer with callback.
TipsAndTricks	DateTime stamps	Example of DateTime stamps in several formats.
CodeExperiments	Experimenting with Playground	Using Rust Playground to experiment with code in an organized way.
CodeExperiments	Simple Playground Experiments	A set of basic demos in Rust Playground.
Rust Glossary of Terms	Rust terms defined	Rust terms defined with text and code examples.