C# Bits

organized bits of syntax, idoms, and patterns

Quick Status

Recent page additions

getting started

testing UI format for code comparison

will replace Idioms and Patterns

UI layout now stable, needs more planned content

Bits are small compilable pieces of code that illustrate syntax, idioms, and small patterns. They support learning a new language by comparing bits with those of a language you already know. For now, that is limited to the programming languages C++, Rust, and C#.

You can compare These C# bits with Rust or C++ bits using the navigation buttons below for each bit.

If you have a wide screen or dual monitors you can right click on either of the show buttons and select "Open Link in New Window" to compare the Bits for two languages side-by-side.

C# code bits
What is this?	Code demo	Commentary
Show Rust Hello World	Execute C# Hello code	Show C++ Hello World
Hello World The traditional first look at a new language	namespace HelloWorld { using System; public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); } } }	C# functions are all methods of a class. They may begin with an access qualifier, a return type, accept arguments in a parentisized list, and encapsulate an executable code body in a set of statements enclosed in braces. public class UserType { public ReturnType g(ArgType a) { ... } ... } Each executable C# program starts in a static "main" function, which often calls other functions supplying operational details. There can be only one main in an executable. class MyProgram { static void main() { ... } }
Show Rust Hello Objects	Execute C# Hello Objects code	Show C++ Hello Objects
Hello Objects Demonstrates how Types are defined and instances created. The type DemoObj is defined above its main function and instances dob and cln are created in main.	// CSharpObject::Program.cs using System; namespace CSharpObject { public class DemoObject { public DemoObject(String name) { name_ = name; } public String name() { return name_; } public DemoObject clone() { DemoObject cln = new DemoObject(name_); return cln; } static void about() { Console.Write( "\n Demo creation and use of objects" ); } private String name_; } public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine( "\n -- demo C# object creation --" ); DemoObject dob = new DemoObject("Ashok"); Console.Write( "\n DemoObject created with name {0}", dob.name() ); DemoObject cln = dob.clone(); Console.Write( "\n clone of DemoObject has name {0}", cln.name() ); DemoObject.about(); Console.Write("\n\n That's all Folks!\n\n"); } } }	Types are defined with classes, like DemoObj on the left. Functionality is provided through methods, e.g., functions associated with the class. All methods are declared and defined in the body of a class declaration. The function DemoObj::DemoObj(String name) creates an instance of DemoObj and endows it with a name. Function DemoObj::name() implicitly accepts a reference to its instance and returns its name. Static functions do not take a reference to self and so cannot access member data. They act like ordinary functions but are accessed with their type followed by colons followed by the function. Non-static functions take an implicit reference to self, can access member data, and are accessed from an object name followed by a period. Types and functions declare public accessibility with the public keyword. Functions declare return types with a type name prefix. The code at the left declares the type and operations for DemoObj. C:\..\CreateObject\CSharpObject> dotnet run /verbosity:quiet -- demonstrate C# object creation -- DemoObject created with name Ashok clone of DemoObject has name Ashok Demo creation and use of objects That's all Folks!
Show Rust Hello Data	Execute C# Hello Data code	Show C++ Hello Data
Hello Data
Show Rust Hello Iter	Execute C# Iter code	Show C++ Hello Iter
Iteration
Show Rust Hello DataStr	Execute C# Hello DataStr code	Show C++ Hello DataStr
Data Structures
Show Rust Hello Funcs	Execute C# Funcs code	Show C++ Hello Functs
Functions
Show Rust Hello GenFuncs	Execute C# GenFuncs code	Show C++ Hello GenFuncts
Generic functions
Show Rust Hello Structs	Execute C# Structs code	Show C++ Hello Structs
Structs
Show Rust Hello GenStructs	Execute C# GenStructs code	Show C++ Hello GenStructs
Generic structs
Show Rust Hello DIP	Execute C# DIP code	Show C++ Hello DIP
Basic DIP
Show Rust Hello GenDIP	Execute C# GenDIP code	Show C++ Hello GenDIP
Generic DIP